summer haiku d'été – multilingual haiku = haïku multilinguesEnglish haiku pond reflection français haïku l'étang reflet Haitian Creole haiku letan refleksyon italiano haiku laghetto riflessione Corsican haiku stagnu riflessione español haiku estanque reflexión Catalan haiku estany reflexió românesc haiku lac reflecţie Indonesian haiku kolam refleksi Filipino haiku pond pagmuni-muni Malay haiku kolam renungan Welsh haiku pwll myfyrio Gaelic haiku lòn meòrachadh Deutsch Haiku Teich Betrachtung in de Nederlandse haiku vijver reflectie Afrikaans haiku dam besinning Czech haiku rybník odraz Croation haiku jezero odraz Swedish haiku damm reflexion Norwegian haiku dam refleksjon Albanian haiku pellg reflektim Finnish haiku lampi heijastus Basque hiku putzua hausnarketa Turkish haiku gölet yansţma Somali haiku balli milicsiga Swahili haiku bwawa tafakari ancient languages Latin haiku piscina imago Etruscan haiku huin zeri Hittite haiku luli lalukima Richard Vallance © by/ par Richard Vaallace 2020 photo public domain/ domaine public Pixabay I especially love the English, French, Italian, Romanian, Somali, Latin, Etruscan & Hittite versions. Anyone else want to let me know what your favourites are?
Tag: languages
BASIC HITTITE VOCABULARY
BASIC HITTITE VOCABULARY: In order to decipher Linear A, you need to know Hittite. With the kind assistance of Alexandre Solcà, who knows Hittite very well, I am finally learning the language. How exciting! Here you see my preliminary vocabulary of Hittite. ACT = action/AGR = agricultural/ANI = animal, bird etc./AST = astronomy/CLI = climate/COL = colour etc./COM = commerce/FOO = food etc./FUR = furniture etc./GEO = geographic/MIL = military/MUN = municipal/PER = personal/REL = religion/ROY = royalty/SCR = scribal/TEX = textiles/VES = pottery,vessels ais = mouth PER akkalan : (kind of plow) AGR aku= to drink (cf eku-, §11) FOO akkusk = to drink a lot MI (reiterative) FOO alsant- (c) : prisoner MIL alwanzatar (n, §83) : magic REL alwanzessar (n) : witchcraft, magic REL annas = mother PER annalla/annalli : maternal; old PER aniya- (I 4) : to act, create, work, achieve; ? to make grow (a plant) (id KIN) AGR aniyatt- (c, §76) : achievement, work (id KIN-att-) AGR/MIL antu- (n) : property AGR antuhha/antuhsa/antuhsas - (c) = antuwahha- (§17a), antuhsa- "human being" PER ariya- (I 4) : to study an oracle, ask an oracle REL ariyasessar (n, §84) : oracle REL arkammas = tribute MIL arkuwar (n, §85) : prayer REL arnu = to bring MI ACT arunas = sea GEO asandul/asandulatar crew MIL asandula- (c) : garrison MIL assanu/asnu = to prepare/obtain MI ACT asawar (n, §85) : enclosure AGR assu- (n) : goods, merchandise (id NÍGGA) ? the good AGR assus = good PER atta- (c) : father PER attalla- : paternal PER atis (n) : axe MIL Cf. English “axe” TÚGadupli- (n) : garment, dress TEX auri/awari- = awari- "border guard" (§17) MIL azzikk = to adore (all the time) MI REL E: ed = to eat MI FOO eku to drink FOO ekuna = cold (Akk ka?û) CLI ekunima- (c) : the cold CLI eshar = blood PER eshas = ishas = "lord, master" (§10) ROY es = to be MI ACT H: DUGhakkun?i- : (a pot) VES halhaltumari- (c) : boundary stone , cornerstone AGR/MIL LÚhaliyatalla- : temple guard REL halkis = cereal AGR GIŠhalmasuitt- (c) : throne (id GIŠGUZA) ROY halukannis = chariot MIL handai = to add MI ACT/SCR handandatar (n, §83) : miracle REL happar- (n) : trade COM happiriya- : town (id URU) MUN hara(n)- (c, §88a) : eagle ANI hark = to hold, to have MI ACT harki- : white, clear COL harnaus = chair FUR harnink = to destroy HI Cf. English “to harm” MIL harsan/harsar- (n) : head; person (id SAGDU) PER harsanalli- (n) : crown ROY harsauwar (n) : agriculture, farming AGR DUGharsiyali- (n) : storage receptacle, pithos VES hassa hanzassa : grand-son and grand-grand-son ? (§89b) PER GIŠhassalli- (n) : stool (id GIŠGÌRGUB) FUR haster- : star (id MUL) AST hassu- : king (id LUGAL) ROY hassusara- : queen (id MUNUSLUGAL) ROY hatrai = to write MI SCR Lúhattalwala/LÚhilamma-- : gate keeper, door guard MIL hilammar = gate + Éhilammar (n, §86) : gate AGR.MIL heus = rain CLI GIŠhuluganni- (c) : chariot MIL (NA4)huwasi- (n) : grindstone; ritual monument, ritual stone AGR/REL I,Y: UDUiyant- (c) : sheep AGR iyata- (n) : abundance AGR irha- (c) : side, border (id ZAG) AGR/MIL ishassara- (c) : lady ROY isgaruh- (n, §87) : (a pot) VES ishas = lord ROY ispant- (c) : night AST ispantuzzi = wine barrel VES istamas = to hear MI PER iya = to do MI ACT G,K: kard= heart Cf. “heart” (English) + “coeur” (French) etc. etc. nominative = LOGO+ir PER É karim(n)i- : ritual building, temple REL karuilis = old PER DUGkattamarant- (c) : (a pot) VES kessaras = hand PER gimmara/gimra- "field" (§26) AGR guen(ant)- : woman (id MUNUS) PER kuen = to strike, kill MI Cf. kill (English) + tuer (French) MIL kuer- (I 1 c) : to harvest AGR kuera- (c) : countryside (id AKÀR) AGR kuis, n kuit : (relative and interrogative pronoun; §119ff) ? kuit ap?t = "what is that ?" ? Also kuis = "someone", kuit = "something" (especially in UL kuis "no one, not the least") ? kuis kuis : "the one the other" ? kuis kuis : "whoever" (§120) ? kuis imma (kuis) : "whoever else" (§120) PER kuissa : each (§125) PER kuiski : someone kuitki : something (§124ff) ? UL kuiski : no one, no UL kuitki : nothing (§124) PER kupawi = to count MI Cf. français “couper” SCR kutt- (c) : wall AGR/MIL/MUN L: LÚlahhiyala- (c) : man of war, soldier MIL lahhiyatar (n, §83) : (military) campaign, expedition MIL lahhurnuzzi- (n) : sacrificial altar REL lami = to detach HI? ACT lingant- (c) : oath MIL/REL GIŠluttant- : window MUN luzzi- (n) : corvée = a day's unpaid labor owed by a vassal to his feudal lord/forced labour exacted in lieu of taxes, in particular that on public roads MIL M: malla- (II 2 c ?) : to grind AGR marnu- (c) : (a kind of beer) AGR/FOO marnuwant- (n) : (a drink) FOO masdu- (c) : chain, rope, shackles MIL mehur = time Cf. English “hour”, français “heure” etc. AST memal- (n, §79) : groats AGR memiyas = word Cf. “memory” (English) + “mémoire” (French) etc. SCR milit- (n, §76) : honey (id LÀL) AGR muri(yan) = grapefruit, nominative = mures AGR N: nega- (c) : sister (id NIN) PER negna- : brother (id ŠEŠ) PER nekut- (c) : evening AST nepis = sky AST ninik = to mobilize MI MIL B,P: pahhuenant- (c) : fire AGR/MIL pahhuwar, pahhur (n, §82) : fire AGR/MIL pai = to go MI ACT DUGpalha- (c) : cauldron VES panzakiti- (c) : plug, peg, pin AGR/MIL parkus = high AGR/MIL parkuyatar (n, §83) : purification, atonement REL parn = house, nominative = pir + pir : house (§89a; id É-ir) MUN pattar (n) : wing ANI perunant- (c) : rock AGR pittar (n, §82) : wing; feather ANI Cf. English “feather” pittarpalhi (c) : (a bird) ANI punus = to ask MI ACT S: sakni- (c) : oil, fat AGR/FOO salles- (I 1 f) : to grow, increase AGR sallis = big AGR/MIL/ROY sankunni/sankunniyant- (c) : priest (id LÚSANGA) REL sarnink = to replace MI ACT sasanna- (c) : lamp VES sasta- (c) : bed PER ses = to sleep MI PER sessar : beer (id KAŠ) AGR/FOO sesariya- (I 4) : to filter, sieve AGR/FOO GIŠsesarul- (n, §79) : sieve FOO siu = god, nominative = siunis REL suhha- (c) : roof AGR/MUN/MIL summanza(n)- (c) : rope, cord AGR/MIL suppal- (n, §79) : animal ANI suppis = pure REL suppisduwara- (c) : decoration, ornament PER/REL D,T: dannatta- : empty, desert AGR dankui- : black; dark (id GE6) AST/MIL tarnas : (small dry measure of capacity) AGR/VES taru- (n) : wood (id ?IŠ) AGR te = to speak MI ACT tekan earth AGR tessummi- (c) : cup, goblet (id DUGGAL) VES tuppa- (c) : vessel, container VES tuppi- (n) : tablet, document (Akk ?uppu) SCR tuzzis/tuzziyant - (c) : army MIL U: udni (n, §72) : land (also for name of towns; id KUR-e) AGR/MIL unuwasha- (c) : ornament PER/REL uttar = word Cf. “utter” (English) ACT uwate = to bring MI ACT W: wappu- (c) : river shore AGR/MIL GIŠwarasma- (c) : firewood AGR/MIL watar (n, §82) : water (id A) ? Pl wid?r : also "irrigation" AGR welkuwan- (n) : grass, plant AGR wellus- (c / n) : meadow (id ÚSAL) AGR wemiya = to find MI ACT wesi- (c) : pasture AGR wetant- : year (id MU) AST wiyana- : wine (id GEŠTIN) FOO Z: zahhais = battle MIL zashai = dream (no nom.) REL zeri- : cup, goblet (id DUGGAL) VES zeriyalli- (n) : vessel stand VES GIŠzuppari- (n) : torch MIL April 22 2020 PRIMARY BY CATEGORY: * = major category AGR = agricultural * akkalan : (kind of plow) AGR aniya- (I 4) : to act, create, work, achieve; ? to make grow (a plant) (id KIN) AGR aniyatt- (c, §76) : achievement, work (id KIN-att-) AGR/MIL asawar (n, §85) : enclosure AGR assu- (n) : goods, merchandise (id NÍGGA) ? the good AGR antu- (n) : property AGR halhaltumari- (c) : boundary stone , cornerstone AGR/MIL halkis = cereal AGR harsauwar (n) : agriculture, farming AGR hilammar = gate + Éhilammar (n, §86) : gate AGR/MIL (NA4)huwasi- (n) : grindstone; ritual monument, ritual stone AGR/REL UDUiyant- (c) : sheep AGR iyata- (n) : abundance AGR irha- (c) : side, border (id ZAG) AGR/MIL gimmara/gimra- "field" (§26) AGR kuer- (I 1 c) : to harvest AGR kuera- (c) : countryside (id AKÀR) AGR kutt- (c) : wall AGR/MIL/MUN malla- (II 2 c ?) : to grind AGR marnu- (c) : (a kind of beer) AGR/FOO marnuwant- (n) : (a drink) FOO memal- (n, §79) : groats AGR milit- (n, §76) : honey (id LÀL) AGR muri(yan) = grapefruit, nominative = mures AGR pahhuenant- (c) : fire AGR/MIL pahhuwar, pahhur (n, §82) : fire AGR/MIL panzakiti- (c) : plug, peg, pin AGR/MIL parkus = high AGR/MIL perunant- (c) : rock AGR sakni- (c) : oil, fat AGR/FOO salles- (I 1 f) : to grow, increase AGR sallis = big AGR/MIL/ROY sessar : beer (id KAŠ) AGR/FOO sesariya- (I 4) : to filter, sieve AGR/FOO suhha- (c) : roof AGR/MUN/MIL summanza(n)- (c) : rope, cord AGR/MIL dannatta- : empty, desert AGR tarnas : (small dry measure of capacity) AGR/VES taru- (n) : wood (id ?IŠ) AGR tekan earth AGR udni (n, §72) : land (also for name of towns; id KUR-e) AGR/MIL wappu- (c) : river shore AGR/MIL GIŠwarasma- (c) : firewood AGR/MIL watar (n, §82) : water (id A) ? Pl wid?r : also "irrigation" AGR welkuwan- (n) : grass, plant AGR wellus- (c / n) : meadow (id ÚSAL) AGR wesi- (c) : pasture AGR ANI = animal, bird etc. hara(n)- (c, §88a) : eagle ANI pattar (n) : wing ANI pittar (n, §82) : wing; feather ANI Cf. English “feather” pittarpalhi (c) : (a bird) ANI suppal- (n, §79) : animal ANI FOO = food etc. aku= to drink (cf eku-, §11) FOO akkusk = to drink a lot MI (reiterative) FOO ed = to eat MI FOO eku to drink FOO marnu- (c) : (a kind of beer) AGR/FOO marnuwant- (n) : (a drink) FOO sakni- (c) : oil, fat AGR/FOO GIŠsesarul- (n, §79) : sieve FOO sesariya- (I 4) : to filter, sieve AGR/FOO wiyana- : wine (id GEŠTIN) FOO MIL = military * alsant- (c) : prisoner MIL aniya- (I 4) : to act, create, work, achieve; ? to make grow (a plant) (id KIN) AGR aniyatt- (c, §76) : achievement, work (id KIN-att-) AGR/MIL arkammas = tribute MIL arkuwar (n, §85) : prayer REL arnu = to bring MI ACT asandul/asandulatar crew MIL asandula- (c) : garrison MIL atis (n) : axe MIL Cf. English “axe” auri/awari- = awari- "border guard" (§17) MIL halhaltumari- (c) : boundary stone , cornerstone AGR/MIL halukannis = chariot MIL harnink = to destroy HI Cf. English “to harm” MIL Lúhattalwala/LÚhilamma-- : gate keeper, door guard MIL hilammar = gate + Éhilammar (n, §86) : gate AGR/MIL GIŠhuluganni- (c) : chariot MIL irha- (c) : side, border (id ZAG) AGR/MIL kuen = to strike, kill MI Cf. kill (English) + tuer vassal(French) MIL kutt- (c) : wall AGR/MIL/MUN LÚlahhiyala- (c) : man of war, soldier MIL lahhiyatar (n, §83) : (military) campaign, expedition MIL lingant- (c) : oath MIL/REL luzzi- (n) : corvée = a day's unpaid labor owed by a vassal to his feudal lord/forced labour exacted in lieu of taxes, in particular that on public roads MIL masdu- (c) : chain, rope, shackles MIL ninik = to mobilize MI MIL pahhuenant- (c) : fire AGR/MIL pahhuwar, pahhur (n, §82) : fire AGR/MIL panzakiti- (c) : plug, peg, pin AGR/MIL parkus = high AGR/MIL sallis = big AGR/MIL/ROY suhha- (c) : roof AGR/MUN/MIL summanza(n)- (c) : rope, cord AGR/MIL tuzzis/tuzziyant - (c) : army MIL udni (n, §72) : land (also for name of towns; id KUR-e) AGR/MIL wappu- (c) : river shore AGR/MIL GIŠwarasma- (c) : firewood AGR/MIL zahhais = battle MIL GIŠzuppari- (n) : torch MIL PER = personal * ais = mouth PER annas = mother PER annalla/annalli : maternal; old PER antuhha/antuhsa/antuhsas - (c) = antuwahha- (§17a), antuhsa- "human being" PER assus = good PER atta- (c) : father PER attalla- : paternal PER eshar = blood PER harsan/harsar- (n) : head; person (id SAGDU) PER hassa hanzassa : grand-son and grand-grand-son ? (§89b) PER istamas = to hear MI PER kard= heart Cf. “heart” (English) + “coeur” (French) etc. etc. nominative = LOGO+ir PER karuilis = old PER kessaras = hand PER guen(ant)- : woman (id MUNUS) PER kuis, n kuit : (relative and interrogative pronoun; §119ff) ? kuit ap?t = "what is that ?" ? Also kuis = "someone", kuit = "something" (especially in UL kuis "no one, not the least") ? kuis kuis : "the one the other" ? kuis kuis : "whoever" (§120) ? kuis imma (kuis) : "whoever else" (§120) PER kuissa : each (§125) PER kuiski : someone kuitki : something (§124ff) ? UL kuiski : no one, no UL kuitki : nothing (§124) PER nega- (c) : sister (id NIN) PER negna- : brother (id ŠEŠ) PER sasta- (c) : bed PER ses = to sleep MI PER suppisduwara- (c) : decoration, ornament PER/REL unuwasha- (c) : ornament PER/REL REL = religion * alwanzatar (n, §83) : magic REL alwanzessar (n) : witchcraft, magic REL ariya- (I 4) : to study an oracle, ask an oracle REL ariyasessar (n, §84) : oracle REL azzikk = to adore (all the time) MI REL LÚhaliyatalla- : temple guard REL handandatar (n, §83) : miracle REL (NA4)huwasi- (n) : grindstone; ritual monument, ritual stone AGR/REL É karim(n)i- : ritual building, temple REL lahhurnuzzi- (n) : sacrificial altar REL lingant- (c) : oath MIL/REL parkuyatar (n, §83) : purification, atonement REL sankunni/sankunniyant- (c) : priest (id LÚSANGA) REL siu = god, nominative = siunis REL suppis = pure REL suppisduwara- (c) : decoration, ornament PER/REL unuwasha- (c) : ornament PER/REL zashai = dream (no nom.) REL ROY = royalty * eshas = ishas = "lord, master" (§10) ROY GIŠhalmasuitt- (c) : throne (id GIŠGUZA) ROY harsanalli- (n) : crown ROY hassu- : king (id LUGAL) ROY hassusara- : queen (id MUNUSLUGAL) ROY ishassara- (c) : lady ROY sallis = big AGR/MIL/ROY SCR = scribal handai = to add MI ACT/SCR hatrai = to write MI SCR kupawi = to count MI Cf. français “couper” SCR memiyas = word Cf. “memory” (English) + “mémoire” (French) etc. SCR tuppi- (n) : tablet, document (Akk ?uppu) SCR VES = pottery,vessels DUG logogram for vessels * DUGhakkun?i- : (a pot) VES DUGharsiyali- (n) : storage receptacle, pithos VES isgaruh- (n, §87) : (a pot) VES ispantuzzi = wine barrel VES DUGkattamarant- (c) : (a pot) VES DUGpalha- (c) : cauldron VES sasanna- (c) : lamp VES tarnas : (small dry measure of capacity) AGR/VES tessummi- (c) : cup, goblet (id DUGGAL) VES tuppa- (c) : vessel, container VES zeri- : cup, goblet (id DUGGAL) VES zeriyalli- (n) : vessel stand VES
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Richard Vallance Janke now has 500 followers on academia.edu
Richard Vallance Janke now has 500 followers on academia.edu:
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Richard
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THE MYCENAEAN LINEAR B “ROSETTA STONE” TO MINOAN LINEAR Tablet HT 31 (Haghia Triada) Vessels and Pottery
THE MYCENAEAN LINEAR B “ROSETTA STONE” TO MINOAN LINEAR Tablet HT 31 (Haghia Triada) Vessels and Potteryhas just been uploaded to my academia.edu account, here:
To DOWNLOAD it, click on the DOWNLOAD button on the top right hand side of the page. ABSTRACT In partnership with The Association of Historical Studies, Koryvantes (Athens), we address past and current prospects for the decipherment of the Minoan language, which has never met with any credible success in the 117 years since the ?rst discovery of Minoan Linear A tablets by Sir Arthur Evans at Knossos in 1900. A considerable number of philologists and historical linguists, some of them amateurs, claim to have deciphered the Minoan language, yet no one has ever formulated a convincing decipherment. We advance a unique and entirely untested approach to unravelling the text of Minoan Linear A tablet HT 31 (Haghia Triada), based on the principle of cross-correlative retrogressive extrapolation (CCRE) from Mycenaean Linear B to Linear A. HT 31 so closely parallels Mycenaean Linear B tablet, Pylos Py TA 641-1952 (Ventris) that the latter effectively serves as a kind of “Rosetta Stone” for the former. There is also credible evidence that a Mycenaean derived superstratum imposed itself on Linear A as the result of the Mycenaean conquest of Knossos and Crete ca. 1500 – 1450 BCE or, failing that, their all but absolute suzerainty over Knossos and its dependencies. Approximately 300 or 26 % of 1166 intact words in Linear A are very likely of Mycenaean origin.
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Can quantum computers assist us in the potentially swift decipherment of ancient languages, including Minoan Linear A?
Can quantum computers assist us in the potentially swift decipherment of ancient languages, including Minoan Linear A?
No-one knows as yet, but the potential practical application of the decryption or decipherment of ancient languages, including Minoan Linear A, may at last be in reach. Quantum computers can assist us with such decipherments much much swifter than standard digital supercomputers.
Here are just a few examples of the potential application of quantum computers to the decipherment of apparently related words in Minoan Linear A: dide didi dija dije dusi dusima ida idamete japa japadi japaku jari jaria jarinu kireta2 (kiretai) * kiretana * kuro * kuru kuruku maru (cf. Mycenaean mari/mare = “wool” ... may actually be proto-Greek maruku = made of wool? namikua namikudua paja pajai (probably a diminutive, as I have already tentatively deciphered a few Minoan Linear A words terminating in “ai”, all of which are diminutives. qapaja qapajanai raki rakii rakisi sati sato sii siisi taki taku takui etc. All of these examples, with the exception of * kireta2 (kiretai), kiretana & kuro *, each of which I have (tentatively) deciphered, are drawn from Prof. John G. Younger’s Linear A Reverse Lexicon:
It is to be noted that I myself have been unable to decipher manually on my own any of the related terms above, with the exception of the 3 words I have just mentioned. The decipherment of kuro = “total” is 100 % accurate. I would like to add in passing that I have managed to (at least tentatively) decipher 107 Minoan Linear A words, about 21 % of the entire known lexicon. But everyone anywhere in the world will have to wait until 2018 to see the results of my thorough-going and strictly scientific research until the publication of my article on the partial decipherment of Minoan Linear A in Vol. 12 (2016) of Archaeology and Science (Belgrade), actually to be released in early 2018. But if you would like to get at least a very limited idea of what my eventual decipherment is all about, you can in the meantime consult this preview on my academia.edu account here:
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CRITICAL Links to KEY PERSEUS/Tufts ancient Greek pages for persons knowledgeable in ancient Greek
CRITICAL Links to KEY PERSEUS/Tufts ancient Greek pages for persons knowledgeable in ancient Greek: 1. Homer, Iliad, Book II, The Catalogue of Ships:If you are wondering why I have deliberately zeroed in on Book II, the Catalogue of Ships of Homer’s Iliad, as I am sure you are, wonder no more. Only Book II alone, the Catalogue of Ships of Homer’s Iliad, can provide us with sufficient examples of Homeric grammar with distinctly Mycenaean characteristics, from which we can thereby retrogressively extrapolate numerous examples of grammatical forms in many of the major categories of Homeric Greek to their putative, and in fact, actual, Mycenaean ancestral roots. 2. Jeffrey A. Rydberg-Cox, Overview of Greek Syntax:
is a superb source for the study of ancient Greek grammar. The link is parsed into the major sub-categories of ancient Greek grammar, i.e. nouns, verbs, participles etc. etc., and is thus an extremely valuable and highly practical source for ancient Greek grammar, all but eliminating the necessity of having to buy a hard-copy or e-book publication on ancient Greek grammar. In short, it is a perfectly sound source for ancient Greek grammar aficionados.
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Mycenaean Linear B Progressive Grammar: Derived (D) Verbs/Infinitives in D = 12
Mycenaean Linear B Progressive Grammar: Derived (D) Verbs/Infinitives in D = 12: In this post we find 12 derived (D) infinitives in natural Mycenaean Greek. Here is the table of attested thematic and athematic infinitives starting with the Greek letter D in Mycenaean Greek:The 4 sentences after the 12 verbs in D make it absolutely clear that we are dealing with natural Mycenaean Greek as it was actually spoken. It is also highly likely that official documents, poetry (if any) and religious texts were written in natural Mycenaean Greek on papyrus. However, the moist climate of Crete and the Greek mainland meant that papyrus, unlike in the arid climate of Egypt, was doomed to rot away. So we shall never really know whether or not there were documents in natural Mycenaean Greek. But my educated hunch is that there were. Thematic Verbs: Active Voice: These are the so-called standard verbs, which are by far the most common in all ancient Greek dialects. Thematic verbs are sub-classed into three voices, active, middle and passive. Middle Voice: The middle voice is unique to ancient Greek, and is self-referential, by which we mean the subject acts upon him- or herself or of his or her own volition. The middle voice also includes reflexive verbs. I am posting the first person singular of verbs in the middle voice, as it is far more common than the infinitive. Athematic Verbs: Athematic verbs are far less common than thematic, but they are the most ancient of ancient Greek verbs. They have already appeared completely intact by the time Mycenaean Greek has entrenched itself. The Mycenaean conjugations of athematic verbs are very similar, and in some cases identical to, their conjugations in much later Ionic and Attic Greek, and must therefore be considered the root and stem of the same class of verbs in later classical Greek. The fact that athematic verbs were already fully developed by the era of Mycenaean Greek is a strong indicator that the Mycenaean dialect is not proto-Greek, but the first fully operative ancient East Greek dialect. We shall demonstrate over and over that Mycenaean Greek was the primordial fully functional East Greek dialect which was to be adopted and adapted by the later East Greek dialects (Ionic and Attic among others). I am posting the first person singular of athematic verbs, as it is far more common than the infinitive. The reconstruction of natural language Mycenaean grammar by means of the methodology of progressive grammar is to be the subject of my fourth article in the prestigious international journal, Archaeology and Science, Vol. 13 (2017). The concept of progressive grammar is actually quite easy to grasp. It merely designates the reconstruction of natural, as opposed to inventorial, Mycenaean Greek grammar from the ground up. By the time I have finished with this project, I shall have reconstructed a huge cross-section of natural Mycenaean grammar, approaching the grammar of later East Greek dialects in its comprehensiveness. NOTES: [1]There are two (2) verbs in the middle voice under D. These are dekomai and dunamai. [2] There are no athematic MI verbs under D. [3]In the natural Mycenaean Greek language, the nominative masculine plural always ends in oi, e.g. tosoi. This is in contrast to the formalized, fossilized Greek of Linear B inventories, which very rarely give any words in the nominative masculine plural. Instead, the extant Linear B tablets simply give the words in the singular, e.g. toso. [4]In the natural Mycenaean Greek language, the nominative feminine plural always ends in ai, e.g. heketai (which is actually a masculine noun with feminine endings). This is in contrast to the formalized, fossilized Greek of Linear B inventories, which very rarely give any words in the nominative masculine plural. Instead, the extant Linear B tablets simply give the words in the singular, e.g. heketa. There are exceptions to attested plurals on the tablets. The nominative masculine plural of teo (god) is teoi, exactly as it appears in natural Mycenaean Greek. This is because the word teo is not a word found in inventories, but rather in religious texts, mimicking the natural language. It is the template upon which the nominative masculine plural of all words in natural Mycenaean Greek is formed. The total number of natural Mycenaean Greek derived (D) infinitives we have posted so far = 24 A + 12 D for a TOTAL of 36. I shall indicate the running total as we proceed through the alphabet.
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The so-called (invalid) relationship between the markings on the Neolithic Dispilio tablet and some of the syllabograms in Mycenaean Linear B
The so-called (invalid) relationship between the markings on the Neolithic Dispilio tablet and some of the syllabograms in Mycenaean Linear B:The Dispilio tablet is a wooden tablet bearing inscribed markings, unearthed during George Hourmouziadis's excavations of Dispilio in Greece and carbon 14-dated to 7300 ± 40 BP or 5260 ± 40 BC. [1] It was discovered in 1993 in a Neolithic lakeshore settlement that occupied an artificial island [2] near the modern village of Dispilio on Lake Kastoria in Kastoria, Greece. Source: Wikipedia: Dispilio Tablet
Almost all the markings (Are they even writing?) on the Neolithic Dispilio Tablet (at least 5,200 years old) cannot conceivably be correlated with either the Minoan Linear A syllabary (some 3,200 years later) and the Mycenaean Linear B syllabary (some 3,500 years later). Even the markings on the Dispilio tablet which look remarkably like syllabograms in either Minoan Linear A and Mycenaean Linear B are almost certainly an accidental quirk. I simply cannot take seriously the so-called “correlations” the author of this bizarre tablets leaps upon. His imagination is clearly overactive, while his faculty of reasoning is sadly under-developed. Unfortunately, such so-called “correlations” between tablets in remotely ancient so-called “languages” and much later syllabaries which are the writing scripts of actual languages such as Minoan and Mycenaean Greek recurs much too often with all to many “researchers” who indulge in such clearly illogical leaps of the imagination. I have marked with an X in BOLD all such clearly invalid correlations. I might just as well have marked every last one of the markings on the Dispilio tablet with an X in BOLD, for that matter. All such correlations are merely accidental. No professional researcher would ever be caught making such outrageous assumptions. I shall demonstrate this sort of “cracked” reasoning made by certain “researchers” with other remotely ancient “languages” over and over. Of course, there are exceptions to such poor correlations. Some markings on some tablets in much more ancient “languages” (imagined or real) than Minoan Linear A or Mycenaean Linear B may conceivably be cross-correlated, at least to some extent, though never fully.
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NEWS RELEASE! Just a few of the KEY Twitter Accounts following us
NEWS RELEASE! Just a few of the KEY Twitter Accounts following us: Click our banner to view our Twitter account:Note that the number of Twitter accounts following us has grown from about 500 at the beginning of 2014 to just short of 800 now, growing at a rate of 10-20 new followers per month. As of December 2014, we have the honour and privilege of being followed by some of the more significant, indeed some of the most important Twitter accounts. Of these, perhaps the most impressive is none other than The British Museum, with 428,000 followers: Click on its banner to visit their Twitter (also Click on all of the other Twitter accounts below to do the same): Click here:
You will perhaps have noticed that The British Museum follows fewer than 10 % of the Twitter accounts who follow them; so it is particularly telling that they decided to follow us. Here are some more Twitter accounts of direct relevance to ours, starting with linguistics:
Once again, Babel follows just over 10 % of those who follow them. They stood up and noticed us. And here we have just of few of the scores of Twitter accounts relevant to ours following us:
who by the way lives in Mycenae.
And here are just two of the most popular MEDIA and Promotional accounts on Twitter now following us (some of them with 100s of thousands of followers):
Richard
Canadian Zen Haiku canadien ISSN 1705-4508 
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